issue 2 (21) / 2025
Contents of the issue:
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=63811
Ekaterina Tolkachjova
SIGNATURE SKELETONIZATION: A PREPROCESSING METHOD FOR STATIC SIGNATURE VERIFICATION
A signature is one of the important objects of forensic handwriting examination, as it can serve as evidence of the authenticity of a document and identification of its author. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in the possibilities of its forgery and the scale of document turnover.
The article analyzes the main algorithms for signature skeletonization, taking into account the quality criteria of the resulting skeleton to assess its effectiveness and suitability for the tasks being solved. In the course of the analysis and experimental testing of the most well-known skeletonization algorithms, an optimal one was identified that allows us to study both local and global signature features, which ensures more accurate identification and verification of static signatures.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045524
Boris Usovski
TO THE ISSUE OF FORMULATING CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS OF VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS
The article deals with the problematic issues of formulating conclusions on the results of forensic examinations of vehicle identification markings. Based on the analysis of the disposition of Article 381 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, the author substantiates the position of changing the approaches to research and drawing up the results.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045525
Anna Khokh, Yury Sobal
APPLICATION OF NIR SPECTROSCOPY COMBINATED WITH CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS TO DETERMINE THE AUTHENTICITY AND GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF CINNAMON
The research proves the fundamental possibility of applying the NIR spectroscopy method to identify the facts of falsification and determine the geographical origin of cinnamon. In the study of “pure” cinnamon and cassia samples, the maximum accuracy of the PLS-DA classification was 99.9 ± 0.4 % for both training and validation samples. When studying mixtures, the maximum accuracy of the SIMCA classification for training and validation samples was: cinnamon: cassia ‒ 99.4 ± 0.4 % and 99.1 ± 0.7 %; cinnamon : peanut shells ‒ 92.1 ± 2.5 % and 90.4 ± 3.2 %; cinnamon : coffee husks ‒ 90.6 ± 0.4 % and 89.6 ± 1.1 %. When examining cinnamon samples from different growing sites, the maximum accuracy of the SIMCA classification for training and validation samples was 92.9 ± 0.8 % and 92.0 ± 0.5 %.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045526
Viktoryia Varabyova, Daria Danilova, Maksim Khainskiy
DETECTION OF HIGH-ENERGY COMPOUNDS
IN SOIL AT THE EXPLOSION SITE:
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF TNT AND RDX
The article is devoted to the study of trace amounts of high-energy compounds (TNT and RDX) localization in the soil at the explosion site. Recommendations have been formulated for priority sampling areas to improve the efficiency of forensic examinations. The results obtained can be used in the practice of explosion examinations to optimize the procedures for detecting explosive residue.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045527
Sergey Pozniak
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CONDUCTING FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS ON MATERIALS RELATED TO THE UNAUTHORIZED PLACEMENT OF WOOD WASTE ON FOREST LANDS
The author of the article analyzes judicial practice in the field of wood waste management in the Republic of Belarus, considers methodological approaches to conducting forensic environmental examinations of materials related to damage to the environment due to unauthorized disposal of wood waste on forest lands. A classification of wood waste generated during logging, sawmilling and woodworking is given in accordance with OKRB 021-2019, examples of classifying wood waste as production and consumption waste are given. It is noted that business entities often arbitrarily and illegally use wood waste as secondary material resources for their own needs. Complaints against decisions on administrative offense cases are analyzed.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045528
Ekaterina Pyhareva, Ol’ga Drachuk, Natal’ja Gurina, Viktorija Gopta
THE FORMATION OF FORENSIC CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF PORNOGRAPHIC MATERIALS AND OBJECTS OF A PORNOGRAPHIC NATURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
The article considers the prerequisites for the formation of the forensic cultural examination of pornographic materials and objects of a pornographic nature and the main stages of its formation and development. The article analyzes the experience of researching pornographic materials and objects of a pornographic nature prior to the start of conducting examinations by the Department of Cultural Examinations in the State Forensic Examinations Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Based on the features of syncretism of special knowledge and approaches in the fields of cultural science and art history, the authors highlight the issues related to the practice of conducting cultural studies of pornographic materials and objects of a pornographic nature. Based on the analysis of experience of expert activities, the authors conclude that the development of this area in institutions associated with expert activities is necessary.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045529
Viktor Zvyagin, Olga Galitskaya, Margarita Grigorieva
REGRESSION MODELS FOR DETERMINING ADULT HUMAN BODY LENGTH USING LONG LIMB BONES
Regression equations for determining body length based on the dimensions of the long bones of the limbs, excluding the forearm, were calculated on osteological series of Eastern Europeans (a group of 810 objects of both sexes). Testing of the equations on two contrasting groups showed that the accuracy of determining body length largely depends on the size category of the predictor feature, while sex as a factor does not have a significant effect on it, and in some cases even reduces it. For different combinations of independent variables, the size categories of features most favorable for predicting body length were identified.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045530
Vitali Metr, Svetlana Likhachova, Andrey Krylov
DETERMINATION OF THE VITALITY OF SKIN
LESIONS USING THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL
METHOD WITH THE INTERLEUKIN-1β MARKER
The article is devoted to determining the vitality of injuries. The use of immunohistochemical methods is proposed, which allow the detection of molecular markers of inflammation, such as IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), before the formation of morphological signs of an immune response. The results showed that the expression of IL-1β in the epidermis of damaged skin areas is statistically significantly higher than in intact control areas, confirming the informativeness of this marker for diagnosing the vitality of injuries. However, no significant differences in IL-1β expression were found in the dermis between damaged and undamaged skin areas. The use of software allows for an objective evaluation of immunohistochemical study results, eliminates subjective factors, and provides quantitative data suitable for statistical analysis.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045531
Evgeniya Nikolaeva, Anton Bartsevich
FUSIFORM BRAIN ANEURYSM AS AN EXPERT FINDING (A REAL CASE)
The article considers a rare case in forensic medical practice of a pathological change in the cerebral artery (fusiform aneurysm of the brain), which did not lead to death. The authors describe the system of cerebral arteries located at the base of the brain, classification of pathomorphological features of fusiform cerebral aneurysm.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045532
Elena Ryadchikova, Olga Kadilina
ALTERING THE STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH COERCED “SPEAKING IN TONGUES” IN THE RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION “BETHANY” (FROM THE PRACTICE OF CONDUCTING LINGUISTIC EXAMINATIONS)
The article examines the religious origins of “speaking in tongues”, modern interpretations of this phenomenon by believers, establishes the distortion of the concept of “speaking in tongues” by Pentecostals and adherents of “Bethany”, reveals the means of manipulating believers when explaining the phenomenon of glossolalia (including misinterpretation of religious texts, influence on the emotions and feelings of believers, explanations “on behalf of God”). The authors come to the conclusion that the leaders of Pentecostals and “Bethany” deliberately build their ideology and communication in such a way as to immerse their flock as often as possible in a state of altered consciousness, affect, ecstasy, when a person detaches himself from reality, becomes unable to answer for his words and actions. Then he is maximally receptive to the necessary suggestion.
The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=83045533
