issue 2 (19) / 2024

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=63811)

Elena Danchenko

THE FORENSIC MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CARDIAC TROPONINS DETERMINATION IN THE BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS OF A CORPSE

The analysis of research results on the assessment of the diagnostic role of cardiac troponins as markers of myocardial pathology in forensic medicine is carried out. Conclusions: 1) after death, the concentration of troponins T (cTnT) and (I cTnI) increases in blood serum and pericardial fluid, regardless of the cause, but in myocardial ischemia, the concentration of cTnT and cTnI is significantly higher than in other causes of death; 2) the concentration of cTnT and cTnI depends on the duration of the postmortem interval and the place of sampling; 3) the most suitable sample for the determination of cTnT and cTnI is the pericardial fluid; 4) an increase in troponin concentration is also observed in other causes of death; the normal level of cardiac troponins does not exclude ischemic myocardial damage; 5) clinical reference values cannot be used to interpret the results of quantitative determination of troponins in biological fluids of corpses; 6) the level of sensitivity and specificity at a threshold value allows troponins to be considered reliable markers of myocardial damage.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623243)

Alexandr Gusentsov

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DETERMINING THE CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF GUNSHOT INJURIES RESULTING FROM A RICOCHET

The article considers the procedure and possibilities of conducting a forensic medical examination of gunshot wounds resulting from the ricochet of projectiles from the surface of various obstacles. In order to develop a methodology for determining the conditions for the formation of this type of behind-the-obstacle gunshot injury, ballistic experiments were conducted on the formation of gunshot injuries of imitators of the human body and clothing that occur when fired from a rifled smoothbore weapon followed by a ricochet of a bullet and buckshot; their comprehensive study. Based on the results obtained, a methodology has been developed and tested, the application of which in expert practice will provide medical forensic experts with an objective opportunity to obtain reliable and scientifically substantiated data on the conditions of formation of gunshot injuries resulting from ricochet.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623250)

Ekaterina Tolkachjova

CONVERTING HANDWRITTEN SIGNATURES INTO DIGITAL FORMAT AND CONVERTING THEM INTO GRAPHIC IMAGE

Biometric identity authentication systems are increasingly being used in practical activities when preparing documents. Biometric systems based on the use of handwritten signatures are becoming especially relevant. A digitally captured signature as a document requisite is used to make transactions and banking operations, and to receive services [1]. In the article, the author proposes a solution to the problem of converting a signature from digital to graphic format by developing and implementing an algorithm using the modern Python programming language. The resulting digital version of the signature will allow an expert to view and examine handwritten signatures in digital format.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623251)

Viktoriya Loseva

THE FEATURES OF IDENTIFYING COUNTERFEITS IN IDENTITY DOCUMENTS OF CITIZENS PRESENTED WHEN CROSSING THE STATE BORDER

The article discusses current issues of identifying counterfeits in identity documents of citizens presented when crossing the state border of the Republic of Belarus within the framework of forensic technical examination of documents (document requisites). Using the example of studying a page with the personal data of the owner of a document, the algorithm developed by the author for establishing the type and method of forgery is presented, various research methods that make it possible to detect certain signs of the corresponding type and method of forgery are described.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623252)

Vladimir Skobelev

FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CIVIL AND ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS: ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION

The article analyzes a number of problematic issues of legal regulation of forensic examination in civil and economic cases, in particular, the admissibility to conduct examination by non-professional experts, the possibility of appointing an examination on the initiative of the court, the possibility of interested parties to influence to choose a particular forensic expert institution (a particular expert), the nature of communications that may take place between the expert and the participants in the proceedings, the expert’s obligation to include in the report conclusions on issues regarding which he has not been asked questions, etc. Based on the research, proposals to amend the current procedural legislation and improve the norms of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Belarus were made.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623254)

Valerij Volosjuk

INTERACTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN ORDER TO ENSURE COUNTERACTION TO THEFT OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Using the example of the organization of the conduction of forensic examination of vehicle identification markings and documents related to it, the author reveals the features of interaction between law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Belarus on issues of countering theft of motor vehicles. Makes proposals for improving law enforcement practice, sectoral legal regulation, practical recommendations in the field of international cooperation of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in countering theft of motor vehicles.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623260)

Aliaksey Tukalo

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF CRIMES COMMITTED USING COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE INTERNET

The article discusses the most relevant ways of committing crimes using communication technologies and the Internet. The author analyzes the causes and conditions conducive to their commission, and also considers a set of measures (legal, preventive and technical) taken by law enforcement agencies in order to prevent and identify them.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623261)

Sergey Pozniak, Rоman Arsionov, Mikhail Stepaniuk

ON THE ISSUE OF ASSESSING THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS USING THE METHOD OF ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY WITH INDUCTIVE COUPLED PLASMA

The authors, based on their own research, analyzed the content of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead) in nutritional supplements used for the preparation of meat products and semi-finished products. The data obtained formed the basis for the developed methodology for the determination of heavy metals using atomic emission analysis with inductively coupled plasma. Successful testing of the developed method gives grounds to recommend it for use in analytical practice for analyzing the quality of nutritional supplements and assessing the content of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead) in environmental objects (soil, water).

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623263)

Oleg Bojko, Andrey Krylov, Natalia Golubeva

DEATH FROM HEAT-RELATED INJURY IN CHILDHOOD (A CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE

The article examines a rare case of heat stroke in forensic medical practice which led to death. The authors describe the development of heat stroke, its symptoms, and the pathological features of heat stroke in children identified during an expert examination.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623265)

Igor Pozdnjak

DIGITAL THREATS IN THE MODERN WORLD: DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY

The article discusses the concept of deepfake and the technology of creating deepfake content, threats and risks, as well as methods for detecting deepfake content generated using artificial intelligence.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623269)

Ivan Shumsky, Andrei Dumski, Igor Duboiski

EXAMINATION OF ADDITIONS AND DETERMINING THE INITIAL CONTENT OF DOCUMENT

The article discusses one of the most common and traditional ways of making changes to the original content of documents. A brief overview of possible signs and circumstances influencing their formation, as well as an approximate sequence of actions of an expert during the study are given. The authors prepared an experimental handwritten document with changes made by the addition method. The study of this object was carried out using the Regula 4308 video spectral comparator; the tools such as a set of narrow-band light sources in combination with various light filters, a hyperspectral analysis module and spectrometry were used. The results of research in the form of illustrations, graphs and their interpretations, which allow us to formulate a conclusion about the presence of changes to the document and its original content, form the basis of the article.

The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73623271)