issue 1 (20) / 2025

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=63811

Ekaterina Tolkachjova

ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF SIGNATURE PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS RESEARCH IN FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION

Digitalization processes lead to changes in forensic examination objects that have significant identification capabilities. Biometric systems based on the use of a person’s handwritten signature are becoming especially relevant. Signature research taking into account dynamic characteristics is of great importance in expert practice. The article provides an analysis of the signature taking into account pressure characteristics, considers the problematic issue of adapting existing methods to modern handwriting objects that have higher information content, namely, a handwritten signature made on a tablet. The proposed algorithm using the modern Python programming language for constructing color coding on pressure distribution graphs will not only visually analyze and interpret signature data, but also identify unique features, identify counterfeits, which will allow experts to conduct more in-depth and comprehensive research of a dynamic
signature.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618266

Diana Zholudeva

JUSTIFICATION AND ESSENCE OF MODIFICATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE IDENTIFICATION SIGNIFICANCE OF PARTICULAR HANDWRITING FEATURES IN FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION

The article provides an analysis of the applied methods for calculating the identification significance of particular handwriting features. It explains the need to modify the method of calculating identification significance, established in the process of updating these values for the handwriting of the population of the Republic of Belarus. The essence of the modification proposed by the author of the article is described in detail.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618267

Yauheni Papou

APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINATIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES OF BRIBERY OF PARTICIPANTS OF A SPORTS COMPETITION

The article draws attention to the spread of a new type of crime – bribery of participants of sports competitions. The successes of law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Belarus in countering illegal manipulation of competition results are emphasized. However, the analysis of criminal cases initiated on the facts of bribery of participants of sports competitions indicates insufficient use by the criminal prosecution authorities of the available expert capabilities. In some cases, mandatory examinations are not appointed. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, we have considered forensic examinations in relation to the suspect and the subject of bribery, which are important for the investigation of crimes of the analyzed category. The tasks to be solved through the appointment of forensic medical and forensic psychiatric examinations are defined. The complementarity of the results of genetic and fingerprint studies is emphasized. A method of increasing expert potential through the integration of research methods for destroyed banknotes is proposed.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618268

Vitalij Bruj

TO THE QUESTION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE OPERATIONAL-SEARCH MEASURE «EXAMINATION OF OBJECTS AND DOCUMENTS, COMPUTER INFORMATION» (USING THE EXAMPLE OF ILLEGAL ACTIONS IN RELATION TO FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION

In this article, using the example of illegal actions in relation to firearms and ammunition, problematic issues related to the concept of the essence of the operational-search measure «examination of objects and documents, computer information» are considered, its comparative analysis with the investigative action «appointment and conduction of examination» is carried out. Based on the analysis, the key features of this operational-search measure and its role in the activities of operational units have been identified.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618269

Alena Shyla, Natallia Dedinkina, Oksana Pribushenya

SEX DETERMINATION IN FORENSIC GENETIC EXAMINATION: THE STUMBLING BLOCKS

Nowadays the amelogenin test is a fundamental test in forensic genetic examination for sex determination. In addition, the amelogenin test can detect discrepancies between genetic sex and legal sex (according to identity documents) – cases of gender formation disorders. However, cases of loss of homologues of the amelogenin gene (AMELX or AMELY) or cases of gender formation disorders dictate the need to study the genetic nature of these phenomena and to develop methodological approaches for quickly and accurate determination the gender of the studied samples in the forensic genetic examination.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618270

Stanislav Zubritckii, Ekaterina Boldyreva, Valentina Yaskina, Leonid Kruglov

POSSIBILITIES OF HANDWRITING EXAMINATION OF MANUSCRIPTS WRITTEN IN FOREIGN ALPHABETS

The article presents the results of scientific research, carried out at the Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in order to improve the scientific basis of handwriting examination in terms of solving issues related to manuscripts written in foreign languages. The relevance of the topic is outlined in the article. The classification of manuscripts based on the special traits of the structure of written characters of the existing alphabets is proposed. The main points of view of scientists-criminalists on handwriting research of manuscripts written in foreign languages which are united into three groups according to the principle of the possibility of resolving the issue on its merits are presented in the article. Typical situations that arise before the expert when conducting examinations and research on handwriting realisations executed in written characters of alphabets unknown to the expert are described. A methodologically justified and practically applicable approach to expert evaluation of the designated category of objects of handwriting examination is formulated.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618271

Ylija Paruhina

FACE DETECTION IN MASK: CONDITIONS OF PROBABILITY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFICATION

This article discusses how wearing masks and special hats can affect the development of facial recognition technologies, and what factors determine the quality of a person’s identification.  The author analyzes the technical and forensic possibilities of identifying a person by the image of individual elements of the face that are not covered by a mask.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618272

Gleb Spiridonov

THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTING OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE SCROLLS DURING ART HISTORY EXAMINATION

Art history examination is a tool for attributing a sample and establishing the legality of the movement of objects of cultural value. In some cases, visual analysis is enough to distinguish an antique from a modern work and to determine the country of origin of the research sample. But there are cases when visual inspection is not enough, and a deeper study is required. As an example, the author examined a vertical scroll «Autumn Mountain Landscape» (the name is conditional). Determining the scroll’s affiliation with Chinese or Japanese culture is a complex task that can be solved exclusively by translating the text. During the study of the text on the scroll, it was established that it is Japanese, but written in Japanized Chinese; it is a poem by the Japanese poet Akuyama Gyokuzan (1702-1764) and is executed by the calligrapher Inaba Sadatake (1749-1800). One of the identification features of the scroll is the presence of the author’s signature, but the dates indicated on the scroll do not correspond to the years of the calligrapher’s life, which excludes his authorship. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the scroll is not authentic.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618273

Mikhail Grachev

FEATURES OF THE WORK OF LINGUISTIC EXPERTS WITH HIERARCHS OF THE CRIMINAL WORLD

The subject of the study is the method of work of an expert linguist with materials regarding the hierarchs of the criminal world to prove their dominant role in organized criminal groups. The author notes that one of the main evidence is the subculture of the criminal world (slang, tattoos, graphic highlighting in letters, criminal nicknames, prison rules of behavior, etc.).

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618274

Sergey Moskovsky, Vladimir Konev, Miroslava Linnik

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE FOR INJURED PEOPLE WITH OSTEOPOROSIS DURING FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS

In recent years, due to the increase in the number of criminal and civil cases against medical workers and organizations due to unfavorable outcomes in the provision of medical care and poor quality of medical services, there has been an increased interest in the issues of objective assessment and identification of defects in the provision of medical care to the population of the Russian Federation. The authors of the article have identified the components of the quality of medical care for injuries against the background of osteoporosis and established criteria for assessing the quality of medical care during forensic medical examinations. Background pathology in the form of osteoporosis aggravates the course of injury: the terms of the reparative process in the fracture zone are significantly increased and the risk of immediate and remote complications increases. Qualitative and quantitative changes in bone tissue in osteoporosis also require a revision of the criteria for assessing the severity of harm to health caused to a patient with an injury received against the background of this pathology. Based on the analysis of clinical recommendations, the order and standards of medical care, the timeliness of its provision, and the performed diagnostic and therapeutic measures, a program for an electronic computer (EC) called «Information model for analyzing the quality of medical care for a patient with joint and bone pathology in osteoporosis and osteopenia» has been developed. The program automatically calculates the level of quality of medical care and is proposed for use in the conduction of forensic medical examinations of the quality of medical care and assessment of the severity of harm caused to the patient’s health by medical workers.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618275

Kristina Efimenko, Svetlana Valetova, Natallia Karmanova, Andrey Krylov

GENERALIZED VIRAL INFECTION AS A CAUSE OF DEATH IN INFANTS (A CASE FROM EXPERT PRACTICE

This article is devoted to the issue of mortality of children from a generalized viral infection. Special attention is paid to the possibility of practical application of the information presented, since the authors described a case from practice, illustrated by histological preparations of internal organs.

The full text of the article is available in the https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=80618276