Andrey Shved
PREREQUISITES FOR THE INTEGRATED ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
The article discusses the scientific aspects of the forensic science theory and other preconditions for introduction in the Republic of Belarus of a new scientific specialty – 12.00.16 – forensic science (legal, technical, biological, chemical sciences). A necessary condition for increasing the effectiveness of scientific development of forensic methods and technologies is the corresponding specialization of researchers in the field of natural and technical sciences. The new specialty takes into account the nature of patterns in the structure of the subject of forensic science theory and its complex nature; thus its introduction presents a significant step in the development of scientific support of forensics.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264177
Zauresh Ayupova
ESTABLISHING WAYS OF COMMITTING CRIMES RELATED TO THE FORGERY OF EXCISE PRODUCTS AS AN ELEMENT OF FORENSIC CHARACTERISTICS
The article is devoted to the research and identification of methods of committing crimes in the field of counterfeiting of excise products. The opinions of scientists in forensic science concerning the notion of the method of committing crimes as an element of forensic science are analyzed; the author’s concept is the said is proposed, as well as its scientific and practical significance in the preparation of a private investigation technique is revealed. Based on the study of practical investigative activities the classification of methods of committing forgery of each of the products that are subject to excise duty is proposed. The characteristics of victims of fraud in excise goods, excise stamps and product labels are outlined. Ways to conceal the production and sale of the surrogate of the excise goods were studied. Recommendations were given that aim at optimizing the efficiency and improvement of the investigation process, as well as at combating crimes related to the manufacture and sale of counterfeit excise products.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264178
Maksim Podpoluho, Nikolai Efremenko
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CONDUCT OF FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION OF COPIES OF DOCUMENTS
The article raises issues about feasibility and advisability of handwriting examinations on copies of documents. The different approaches to the problem of handwriting examinations on copies during some last decades are considered by examining the foreign research literature and other publications. The change in approaches is demonstrated due to the improvement of copying equipment and ways to forge documents, the accumulation of research experience, experiments results and the influence of other factors. The article contains the concept of handwriting examinations on copies in the domestic expert practice.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264179
Andrey Shushkevich
FORMATION OF ECONOMIC EXPERTISE IN BELARUS
The article substantiates the importance of expertise in the administrative process, which is conducted by the customs authorities. The importance of the expert opinion as evidence in an administrative offense case is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the fact that many scientific works of various researchers are devoted to the issues of using examinations. At the same time, these works do not focus on the use of examination capabilities by customs officials with the authority to conduct an administrative process. The author draws attention to the existing differences in notions which are used to describe «special knowledge» and «forensics examination». He also pays attention to the differences that exist in administrative and criminal proceedings in evaluating different evidence.
The article provides examples of the use of expertise by customs authorities of the Republic of Belarus in the administrative process. The author substantiates the further need for a wide use of customs expertise.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264180
Vitali Kirvel
THE PROBLEM OF ARTIFICIAL PAPILLARY PATTERN IN FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION
The article discusses the theoretical and applied aspects of the use of automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) in the disclosure and investigation of crimes, biometric identification systems on fingerprints to protect personal data, control access to information and calculation of working time in the information sector of the economy, as well as prospects for their development. The paper presents the results of an experiment, which consisted in the verification of an biometrical scanner using a model (dummy) of the nail phalanx of a finger with an artificial papillary pattern.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264181
Andrei Tolochko
SCHEME OF THE SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL SUPPORT OF DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF CRIMES AND SEARCHING FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PERSONS
A universal scheme of the scientific development of operational and tactical support of disclosure of certain types of crimes and search for different categories of persons is proposed. The scheme is addressed to researchers as a help in attainment of scientific aims.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264182
Svetlana Lozovaya, Еlena Matarykina
USING THE POSSIBILITIES OF FORENSIC DATABASE OF HUMAN GENETIC TRAITS DURING PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION
The authors analyze the experience of foreign countries regarding specific points of development and maintenance of national databases of DNA profiles (through the example of the UK, USA, France, Russia); the use of forensic capabilities of the genetic traits of a person during a pre-trial investigation is considered; the possibilities of forensic molecular genetic examination to establish human genetic characteristics (DNA profiles) are shown; the procedure for checking the records of human genetic traits of regional operational-search collections is offered, as well as the procedure for checking the central records of human genetic traits for DNA profiles of unidentified corpses; the issues involving forensic experts for sampling biological material of unidentified corpses are considered. The authors also analyze the features of checking DNA profiles from the Interpol database and offers ways of increasing the efficiency of using registering in crime investigation.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264183
Vladimir Dukorsky, Irina Kovganova, Marina Skugarevskaya
THE FIRST FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION FOR A CRIMINAL CASE IN THE MINSK MEDICAL MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
The article presents a brief historical overview of the early stages of the development of scientific and forensic psychiatry in Belarus. The circumstances of the appointment and conduction by D. Spasovich, I. Moshchinsky, V. Gindenburg of the first forensic psychiatric examination for a criminal case in the Minsk Medical Municipal Council are described (1845-1846). The examination report is analysed, its text is provided, as well as additional information on the examination.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264184
Vladimir Gorbenko, Igor Ryabinin, Dmitry Klimchuk
SOLVING SITUATIONAL TASKS IN AN EXPERT STUDY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF A FIRE IN COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CAR FIRE
Basing on the example from comprehensive fire-technical, auto-technical and electric-technical forensic studies one of the algorithms of solving situational tasks of the engineer and technical forensic examination of complex technical systems is shown. It is demonstrated that the use of combined forensic expert knowledge was the reason which allowed for establishing the causal sequence of the events that lead to a fire in a vehicle. The fire was caused by the installation of spark plugs which were not intended for use in that type of vehicle.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264185
Vladimir Kozlov, Alexander Rubis, Egor Lappo, Natalya Zgirovskaya, Anastasia Kovalchuk
MEANS OF OBTAINING MEASURING INFORMATION BASED ON THE UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FOR THE NEEDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FORENSIC ACTIVITY
The article discusses issues related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in law enforcement and forensic activities. The theoretical justification and the results of practical testing of the developed measuring instrument are given. The functioning of measuring instrument is based on the correlation processing of digital photo images using a specialized software application. The obtained results lead to the conclusion about the high accuracy of the measurement results and their reliability.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264186
Leonid Dashko, Vadim Siniuk, Valeriy Penkov
INFLUENCE OF HEATING CONDITIONS ON CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF MEAT AND VEGETABLE CANNED FOOD FROM ARMY FOOD RATION
The article presents a practical example of a comprehensive study of military hot meals ration in accordance with the standard methodologies applied in forensic science units of the internal affairs agencies of Russia. Infrared spectroscopy with the Fourier transform method and simultaneous thermal analysis proved to be effective in the study of a lamer packing. The research revealed that decomposition products of flexible can produced as a result of heating have negative effect on canned food. Recommendations on heating-up mode optimization were given.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264187
Anna Khokh, Vyacheslav Zvyagintsev
THE WAYS OF IMPROVING THE FORENSIC-BOTANICAL EXAMINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
For the Republic of Belarus, a separate kind of forensic-botanical examination is still new, just forming one. In this regard, there is a growing need to find new and more effective methods and techniques for obtaining evidentiary information. In the presented work, we have tried to evaluate the usage potential of the information about anatomical structure and chemical composition combined with the multivariate statistical analysis to establish that the pieces of wood (on the example of Scots pine) were once part of a whole. On the basis of the analysis performed the conclusion was made that the attainment of the said goal requires the use of a complex and comprehensive method which was described in the article and which was not earlier used to solve the issues described.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264188
Olga Sovastey, Valery Luhin, Igor Voitov
ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION OF OBJECTS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN BY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
The article shows the possibility of using information about the fatty acid composition to establish the species of fat products. The results of the study of the fatty acid composition of vegetable oils, animal fats and fish oil are given. The high information content and specificity of the method for determining the fatty acid composition, which allows it to be used to identify objects of biological origin and fatty traces, both in the forensic analysis of food products and in forensic examination, is shown.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41264189
