Contents of the issue:
Alexey Volkov
The formation on April 22, 2013 of the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus was a natural result of the improvement of the system of forensic examinations, which has been going on for 20 years.
The unification of structural divisions of various state bodies and institutions, in which forensic examinations were not the main task, into a single centralized system of state bodies served as the basis for the successful development of forensic activities in the republic. The department successfully solves the issues of efficiency and quality of the production of forensic examinations, the formation of a scientific, methodological and modern material and technical base, as well as the staffing of expert units.
Anastasia Rybak
EXPERT ERRORS IN FORENSIC ACTIVITY
The article deals with the issues of the occurrence of expert errors, the conceptual and categorical apparatus, reflecting the essence and significance of expert errors in the aspect of forensic activities. The author analyzes the classification of expert errors, the reasons for their occurrence, a scientifically based classification of expert errors is has been developed. The article reflects the results of identifying the most effective measures to prevent expert errors and the results of the development of scientifically substantiated recommendations for the prevention of expert errors in forensic activities.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736936)
Maria Ablameyko, Richard Bogush
INTELLIGENT VIDEO SURVEILLANCE IN «SMART CITY»: CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF VISUAL PERSONAL DATA
The article describes the results of using video surveillance systems, discusses the signs by which a person is detected and recognized. The experience of a number of countries in implementing artificial intelligence systems to strengthen public safety in existing «smart cities» is analyzed. The introduction of the term «visual personal data» and the definition of measures for its application in the existing legal field for the protection of personal data both on the part of the operator of such systems and on the part of the citizen are proposed. Proposals for the development of the legal framework in the Republic of Belarus in order to protect the rights of citizens are outlined.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736937)
Ruslan Ropot
FORENSIC BALLISTIC DIAGNOSIS OF RICOCHET TRACES
The author, based on the analysis of the laws of external ballistics and physical processes that cause ricochet, as well as the results of experimental shooting, provides a system of characteristic signs and features of their morphology. It is noted that the provisions considered in the article will improve the reliability of the solution of diagnostic expert tasks, as well as the effectiveness of establishing the circumstances of the shot during the inspection of the scene in order to increase the effectiveness of the use of special knowledge in the detection and investigation of crimes.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736940)
Anton Matlak
ESTABLISHING THE CONDITION OF FIREARMS IN DIAGNOSTIC FORENSIC BALLISTIC EXAMINATIONS
The article considers such a problematic issue of forensic ballistic examination as establishing the serviceability of firearms. Based on the analysis of literary sources, methodological materials and the practice of conducting expert research, the author proposes a differentiated approach to solving this expert problem based on a specific forensic ballistic study.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736941)
Ivan Nester, Ilya Zharkevich
FORENSIC CAPTURING PHOTOGRAPHY AS A FIELD OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE
The article deals with the organizational, theoretical and practical aspects of attributing forensic capturing photography to special knowledge. The forensic capturing photography is analyzed for compliance with the signs of special knowledge. It is concluded that it is possible for the investigator to independently photograph the scene of the incident, without involving a specialist for these purposes, due to the presence of reasons of a methodological, organizational nature, level of education and professional training.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
(https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736943)
Vyacheslav Semyonov, Andrey Tetyuev, Olga Yudina
NONISCHEMIC CARDIAC PATHOLOGY IN THE STRUCTURE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
The difficulties in forensic medical diagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) at a young age are explained by unexpected and rapid onset, out of healthcare facilities, without witnesses or during sleep, lack of cardiac history, as well as lack of standardization of autopsy procedure, and full pathomorphological examinations including analysis of both morphological substrate and all possible triggering factors. In forensic autopsy of SCD cases at a young age it is necessary to rule out nonischemic heart diseases, i.e. hereditary or idiopathic cardiac pathology (cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, anomalies of coronary arteries, abnormalities of cardiac conduction system, hereditary channelopathies, structural heart defects caused by hereditary connective tissue disorders (primary mitral valve prolapse, non compacted myocardium, etc.). Subclinical variants of hereditary and acquired cardiac pathology are usually associated with minor morphofunctional changes, which may serve as substrates for the development of spontaneous electrical instability of the myocardium (cardiac arrest) with a violation of its contractile function – fatal arrhythmia (arrhythmogenic mechanism of heart failure).
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736943)
Yurii Ostianko, Vladimir Dukorsky, Maxim Kamenskov
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF EYE-TRACKING FOR FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND SEXOLOGY
The article presents an analysis of the prospects for the use of high-precision and high-speed methods for tracking oculomotor activity in forensic psychiatry and sexology. The toolkit that exists today makes it possible to evaluate four main physiological processes that characterize the perception of visual information: fixations, saccades, blinking, and change of the pupils diameter. The eye tracking system represents a promising new diagnostic approach within the forensic psychiatric practice.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736944)
Ivan Shumskiy, Andrey Dumskiy, Igor Duboiskiy
DETECTION AND EXAMINATION OF MORPHING USING «REGULA» EQUIPMENT
The article considers one of the modern methods of partial forgery of documents, which is gaining popularity among intruders, which consists in changing the photo image of the owner of the document by applying an image converted from pictures of two different faces.
The authors of the article considered the equipment used for applying morphed images, as well as signs indicating the specified method of forgery. Using video spectral comparators «Regula» 4306, 4307 and 4308, documents forged in this way were examined and illustrated. As experimental objects of the study, two types of pages of documents with personal data with security elements were used: a paper passport page covered with a laminate and a polymer insert
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736945)
Roman Churin, Valentina Raschupkina
THE CURRENT STATE OF COMPUTER FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN THE FORENSIC UNITS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
This article discusses some areas of improvement of modern forensic computer examination, lists the main trends of its development in the forensic units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the problems and prospects of the computer direction, based on modern realities. The article provides an overview of measures to improve the material and technical support of forensic units and the scientific and methodological base for the production of computer expert research, analyzes measures to strengthen human resources.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736946)
Anna Khokh, Jana Nikandrova
POSSIBILITIES OF USING SPORE AND POLLEN ANALYSIS TO ESTABLISH THE REGION OF ORIGIN OF CITRUS FRUITS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF А POMELO
This article critically analyzes the possibilities of practical application of spore and pollen analysis as one of the promising and informative methods for establishing the region of origin of fruits and vegetables. The work is relevant due to the need to comprehensively improve the system for preventing falsification of food products. A specific example provides a step-by-step algorithm and main approaches to solving the indicated issue; some significant aspects related to the analysis of the composition of the palynospectra formed on the objects of study are analyzed. It is shown that palynospectra objectively reflect the diversity of modern vegetation, while the authors focus on the fact that the most significant in their composition are pollen grains and spores of those plants whose distribution areas are relatively small.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736948)
Alexey Kultin, Anastasia Polyakova
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE 38 AUTOSOMAL STR MARKERS IN THE RUSSIAN POPULATION
For the first time, 69 populations of the Russian Federation were characterized using 38 autosomal human DNA STR loci used for DNA identification in expert practice. The informativity of STR loci was determined. Forensic parameters are calculated. Reference allele for carrying out probabilistic and statistical calculations in assessing the level of reliability of the results of examinations and studies of biological objects have been obtained.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736949)
Aleksander Ivanov, Tatsiana Andreichykova, Andrei Lysenkov
ACUTE POISONING WITH BENZALKONIUM (CASE FROM PRACTICE)
The article describes a case from expert practice of fatal poisoning with a liquid containing benzalkonium chloride, which is widely used in agriculture, chemical industry, veterinary medicine, medicine, cosmetology, but when ingested solutions in a concentration of 10% or more cause a chemical burn of the mucous membranes. Possible research methods during the forensic medical chemical examination are described.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736950)
Anna Sviridova, Aleksandеr Zarahovich
DEATH DUE TO IMPAIRED FATTY ACID OXIDATION (CASE FROM PRACTICE)
The article describes a case of a rare pediatric pathology in forensic practice (impaired fatty acid oxidation) which directly and through complications led to the death of a 4-year-old female child. The literature data on the possible causes, morphological and clinical manifestations of this disease, diagnostic methods at the present stage of the medicine development are presented. Theories of occurrence, frequency of occurrence, classification taking into account clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters are outlined. Attention is drawn to the existence of individual forms, the presence of which may present certain difficulties at the stages of diagnosis. Clinical, morphological criteria that can be used for competent definition, substantiation of a forensic medical diagnosis are indicated and correlated. The importance of an integrated approach for the detection of this disease is noted.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736951)
Sergey Grudinsky, Ol’ga Jusсhenko,
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF MECHANICAL ASPHYXIA DUE TO COMPRESSION OF THE NECK ORGANS BY A FOREIGN BODY OF THE ESOPHAGUS
The article describes a rare case of mechanical asphyxia due to compression of the baby neck organs by a foreign body of the esophagus with subsequent rupture of its wall. The content of the publication is based on the expert conclusion of the archive of the Directorate of Forensic Medical Examinations of the Minsk City Directorate of the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50736952)
