Contents of the issue:
Igor Moroz
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CENTER OF THE STATE FORENSIC EXAMINATION COMMITTEE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN NEW CONDITIONS
The article discusses changes in the organization of research activity of the Scientific and Practical Center of the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus as a specialized research institution in the field of forensic expertise in the Republic of Belarus. The article also illustrates the connection between the creation of a single expert agency in the republic and the solution of a number of problems of scientific support of forensic examination, including the problem of assessing the quality of scientific research. The main results of the scientific activity of the Center are presented.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956482)
Aleksandar Ivanović
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES IN THE FUTURE: ETHICS, EDUCATION AND LEGALITY
The article considers the bases for the development of forensic expertize: ethics, education and legality. The author notes the value of forensic expert’s work for the court proceedings and also the need of its unification and standardization arising from transboundary nature of crimes. Ethics, education and legality of forensic examination are considered in the framework of accreditation according to the ISO 17025. The author analyses some provisions of the ethics code of forensic activity, discusses the way of professional education for forensic experts at the accredited laboratories on the example of the Forensic Center of Montenegro. Article presents the cases of using Fry’s rule and Dauber’s rule.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956483)
Argam Hovsepyan, Patvakan Voskanyan
CREATION HISTORY AND MODERN TASKS OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF EXPERTISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
The article provides a brief historical overview of the development of the main forensic institutions in the Republic of Armenia. Information about the National Bureau of Expertises of the Republic of Armenia is presented: the background for its creation, the main directions of activity, including new expert studies introduced into practice. The importance of international cooperation in the field of forensic expertise is shown. The role of the Bureau in the country was noted not only in the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the conduct of expert research, but also in the training of specialists in the field of forensic examination, and in the training of law enforcement officers authorized to appoint an expert examination.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956484)
Vera Veremejchik, Oleg Bоndaruk, Artur Lugovnjov
MODERN TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR DNA ANALYSIS IN BELARUS
When it comes to solving crime, modern forensic technology is transforming investigations. Cases can be solved faster and with more accuracy than ever before. This article presents an overview of some new technologies in forensic DNA analysis and its automation in the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Current technical support in the field of forensic genetics considerably enlarges the possibilities of human identification and paternity testing with high level of probability. Forensic application of high-sensitivity methods of DNA-analysis including Next Generation Sequencing technology allow to expand the range of solving tasks.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956485)
Alexander Rubis
EXPERT EVIDENCE: MYTH OR REALITY?
Given the specificity of the goals, tasks and methods of research and cognitive activity of forensic expert it is proposed to consider him as full subject of proof. The conclusion is based on the recognition of independence and active role of expert in establishing the factual circumstances constituting the subject of evidence and the right of expert to go beyond the list of the issues raised in the decision on appointment of examination. It is noted that during the procuring evidence an expert uses special tactics and acts mainly independently without coordinating his actions with anyone. At the same time, coordination of expert actions with the official conducting proceedings is required.This requires development of joint expert and investigative, expert and intelligence, expert and judicial technologies. Separate epistemological aspects of forensic knowledge are considered.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956486)
Vladimir Sabadash, Iryna Tararaka, Maksim Zarchenko, Yana Petrenko
ALGORITHM FOR AN EXPERT RESEARCH OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE DURING UNAUTHORIZED CUTTING GREEN SPACES
Investigation of violations of environmental legislation in criminal proceedings is impossible without studying circumstances of the green space destructions. Since the subject of the study in this case is carriers of information about event that has been already taken place, establishing circumstances that led to the harmful consequences for the natural environment and determining causal relationships between socially dangerous acts and socially dangerous consequences of these acts are the issues of environmental engineering expertise.
The authors of the article on the basis of the analysis of environmental laws of Ukraine and expert practice of the Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations propose an algorithm for expert research of significant environmental damage during unauthorized cutting of green spaces.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956487)
Michail Kalinichenko, Ivan Struk
SPECIFICS OF EXPERT RESEARCH OF INTERIOR DESIGN AS OBJECT OF COPYRIGHT
Based on the analysis of foreign practice in the article, the authors highlight two scientific and methodological approaches used to recognize interior design as a copyright object and justify the use of «theory of constraints» by experts. Some of the key parameters of the analysis of the internal space (interiors) as copyright objects used in expert practice in the USA, Great Britain and European Union countries are considered. The identification features and characteristics of the originality of interiors as design works indicated in the article are necessary for a proper assessment by an expert of the fact of using this category of works. The author’s analysis indicates the prospects of this type of expert research, which can be based on the study and systematization of scientific and methodological means of comparing design work with copyright objects.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956488)
Egor Lappo
SEARCHING AND OBTAINING INFORMATION
ON SMALL HAND-HELD FIREARMS AND TRACES OF ITS USE BY APPLYING MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
The article deals with the creation, search algorithms and functioning of automated search system designed to obtain forensically significant information about research objects of forensic ballistics examinations. The article substantiates the need to introduce this system into forensic activities in order to obtain information about research objects for solving classification and diagnostic tasks in the shortest possible time on the basis of entered qualitative and quantitative characteristics of accounting objects. The article presents the results of information processing in the automated search system «Arms».
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956489)
Yuriy Varavko
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPH AS AN OBJECT OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL ACTIVITY OF INVESTIGATOR
The article considers possibilities of using crime scene photographs in information and analytical activity of investigator on the basis of literary sources and practice. Particularly, forensic photograph is an indispensable tool to support evidence verification and evaluation procedures, search and cognitive practice and organizational solution of preliminary investigation, including investigation of past crimes. Analytical research of crime scene photographs will increase the efficiency of detection, investigation and prevention of crimes.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956490)
Maria Сhernyavskaya
LEGAL REGULATION OF NON-STATE FORENSIC SCIENCE ACTIVITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Certain aspects of legal regulation of non-state forensic activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation are considered in the article. It is noted that the lack of proper legal regulation negatively affects the legal relationship developing in this area in the Russian Federation.
The need to establish uniform requirements for state and non-state forensic experts in the Russian Federation is substantiated in the article. First of all, this is justified in terms of determining the level of their special knowledge to ensure the quality of forensic examinations in order to properly protect the rights and legitimate interests of participants in legal proceedings.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956491)
Vladimir Semyonov
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ABILITY OF WITNESSES AND VICTIMS TO TESTIFY IN CRIMINAL PROCESS
The article discusses theoretical and practical issues related to assessing the quality of testimonies of witnesses and victims in criminal proceedings, both from the perspective of legal and psychological (expert) criteria. It is substantiated the advantage of using criterion approach over the phenomenological one in the indirect quality assessment of testimony. A three-term system of psychological criteria is presented for assessing the ability of witnesses and victims to testify about the external and internal aspects of circumstances relevant to the criminal case.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956492)
Elena Danchenko
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF UREA, CREATININE AND URIC ACID IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS OF CORPS
The article is a review of literature data on the diagnostic significance of biochemical parameters of urea, creatinine and uric acid in biological fluids of corpses. Attention is drawn to the diagnostic significance of these metabolites, the peculiarities of their changes in the postmortem period, the factors affecting their level, as well as possible reference boundaries of the studied values.
When interpreting the results obtained during the expert study, it should be borne in mind that the processes occurring in the human body after death lead to quantitative changes in the concentration of creatinine and uric acid in the blood serum, but almost do not affect the level of urea. The author noted the stability of the levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid in the vitreous body and other biological fluids, which allows them to be used in biochemical examinations.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956493)
Gennadiy Zaluzhny, Anna Khokh
THE USE OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AS A TOOL FOR EXPERT STUDIES OF PAINT COATINGS ON VEHICLE BODIES
On the basis of studies the authors of the article show the expediency and effectiveness of using molecular spectroscopy in the near infrared region (NIR) in combination with chemometric analysis algorithms for solving diagnostic and identification tasks of identifying restoration repair signs of the paint coat (PC) system of vehicle bodies as part of auto merchandising examination.
The principal component analysis using the NIR spectroscopy data is innovative methods for comparative analysis of the composition of PC of the vehicle body surface, since shooting and comparative analysis of the PC can be performed in real at the site of examination directly.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956494)
Irina Raguzina
DETECTION OF CLOZAPINE IN TISSUES AND OF CARBAMAZEPINE IN THE HAIR OF AN EXHUMED CORPSE (CASE FROM PRACTICE
The article describes a case of determination of clozapine in tissues in a state of pronounced putrefactive changes, and carbamazepine in the hair of an exhumed corpse. The research showed the possibility of detecting clozapine in tissues and carbamazepine in the hair of an exhumed corpse several years after death.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956495)
Alexey Legchilkin, Mikhail Chernyakov
USING OF COMPUTER SPHERICAL PANORAMIC PHOTOGRAPHY IN MEDICAL CRIMINALISTICS RESEARCH
The article discusses certain aspects of conducting medical criminalistics examinations on blood traces as well as fixation of relative position of such traces in space through forensic photography. Also it is substantiated the feasibility of applying spherical photography during inspections of the accident scene in the presence of a significant number of blood traces of a different nature and mechanism of formation. It also provides examples of positive experience with virtual tours of incident scenes in the framework of mentioned type of examinations. The problematic issues and the study efficiency of corresponding computer spherical panoramic photography during medical criminalistics research are analyzed.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru
( https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47956496)
