Shved A. I.
FORENSIC ACTIVITIES IN BELARUS: FROM THE CREATION OF THE INSTITUTION TO THE INNOVATIONS OF TODAY
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32847391
Grabherr S., Augsburger M.
LEGAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN SWITZERLAND
In the article some main organizational aspects of forensic medicine in Switzerland are outlined. Attention is paid to the activities of the Swiss society of legal medicine (SSLM). The issues of the structure in the University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva are given in detail, including specific features of organization of the expert work and its functioning with the emphasis on the tasks which are assigned to specific units.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32847392
Franchuk V. V.
ANALYSIS OF LEGAL OUTCOMES IN CASES OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATIONS
The paper analyses official data of medical malpractice litigations and court decisions. Approximately 4500 cases of alleged medical malpractice cases are registered annually in Ukraine. Only half percent of them are brought to the court. The investigated cases of medical negligence and their court decisions occurred in eighteen different regions of Ukraine, seventy six cases in total. Top-list of high-risk medical specialties was proposed.
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Mussina D. R.
FEATURES OF ASSIGNING AND CONDUCTING OF FORENSIC RELIGIOUS EXPERTISE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Forensic religious expertise involves the systematic study of religious materials at different levels of complexity and contentbasing on scientific and practical knowledge of experts, an objective and scientific study of materials. In this case, the forensicreligious expertise enables the person who appointed the expert to assess the nature of the religious organization, its purposesand tasks, to determine the degree of threat to the public, to directly identify and further apply measures to the persons involvedin prohibited activities.
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Narkevics E.
ON POSSIBILITY OF USING SHOE TRACES DISCOVERED DURING CRIME SCENE EXAMINATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF CRIME INVESTIGATION
The article analyses the possibilities of using shoe traces during crime investigation. Basing on the practical experience the author conducts an analysis of the tactics of searching shoe traces on the crime scene. Some problematic issues limiting the application of shoe traces in crime investigations are outlined. On the basis on the conducted research proposal are made with a view to eliminate said problems.
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Rubis A. S., Lappo A. O.
CONCEPTUAL-CATEGORIAL APPARATUS IN FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY
In the article topical issues related to the use of the conceptual-categorical apparatus in the production of examinations and studies are considered. The set of causes and conditions influencing the processes of assessing the reliability of the findings and their use in law enforcement practice is determined. The ideas proposed are based on the examples from the practical activities, namely of performing forensic trasological examination of shoes and its traces. The conclusion on the need to improve the methodological support of forensic expert activity is argued. Based on the analysis, specific measures are proposed aimed at improving the methods of expert research in modern conditions.
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Shabanov V. B., Krasikov V. S.
COUNTERING CRIME: PROBLEMS OF PROPHYLAXIS AND PREVENTION
The authors of the article study the problems of theory and practice of the sciences of criminology, criminology and operational-search activity in terms of determining their subject - prevention and prophylaxis of crime. Taking into consideration the philosophical approach to the causality the issues of causes and conditions of crime are studied. Works of national and foreign scientists are analysed, in which questions of prophylaxis and prevention of crime are dealt with. On the basis of the analysis conducted by the authors they propose the way of distinguishing prophylaxis and prevention. Certainty in definitions has great practical significance, as it allows for planning necessary events by the authorized subjects, including in the sphere of forensics.
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Grishenkova L. N., Maystruk A. V.
MODERN ASPECTS OF FORENSIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF FATAL HYPOTHERMIA
The results of a retrospective study of 46 cases of fatal hypothermia in adults based on the material from the department of forensic medical examinations of the Kostyukovichi Interdistrict Department of the State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus (2010-2016) are presented. The age and sex structure of the victims, seasonal prevalence, a blood alcohol concentration and glycogen content in tissues of the deceased have been analyzed. The male/female ratio was 1.7:1. Ethanol was detected in blood of 73,9% of the decedents. The risk factors cold trauma are discussed and structured. The circumstances of the onset of the lethal outcome, the features of thanatogenesis and the modern approach to forensic diagnostics of this kind of death are considered.
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Zaluzhny G. I., Krivicki A. M., Makas O. G., Zasimovich E. A.
CURRENT TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT
The development of computerization of technical devices allowed to obtain information from vehicle’s electronic systems. The article is based on the information obtained in the EPROM-memory of EDR modules. Reflected the results of experimental studies, information about scientific and practical expert activity. Another important electronic device in the vehicles is DVR recording video track information, GPS coordinates and vehicle speed. This information can be extracted and analyzed using the software supplied. Thus, it is necessary to develop and improve scientific and technical scopes of expertise and also to apply complex approach and automation of expert activity.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32847399
Kudryashov V. A., Kurachenko I. Y.
ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF BENDABLE REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AFTER FIRE
In the article the topical issues of ensuring constructive building’s fire protection after fires are considered. The separate cases of collapses (destructions) of reinforced concrete building constructions at the fires and after them are presented and the results of the analysis of the current technical regulatory legal acts provisions which are set requirements for the minimum limits of fire resistance of structures depending on the degree of the building are given. The methods of fire resistance determination of concrete structures and calculation of the fire temperature regime, the theoretical assumptions and the physical meaning of equivalent fire duration are considered. The experimental and theoretical dependencies of strength and deformation characteristics changes of free of tension reinforcement after exposure to high temperatures are presented. The foundations for determination of the load-bearing capacity of bendable reinforced concrete elements after a fire is proposed.
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Surikov A. V., Volosach A. V., Kotsuba A. V., Abdrafikov F. N.
INVESTIGATION OF THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MOTOR VEHICLE BODYWORK AFTER THERMAL EXPOSURE
The article presents the results of research and photographs of the surface of bodywork of motor vehicles made from cold-deformed steels in the zone of exposure to elevated temperatures under fire conditions with the required accuracy and localization of the measurements by the magnetic method. On the basis of the obtained results, the experimental dependence of the value of the coercive force on temperature is shown in the study of car body parts made of cold-deformed steels. The paper shows the linear dependence of the value of the coercive force from different temperatures and corresponding durations of impact. It is established that the value of the coercive force depends on the direction of magnetization. The technique for identifying focal features in the study of fire on vehicles using a magnetic method is specified. The information obtained can be useful to specialists working in the field of fire investigation.
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Lomakin M. Y.
IDENTIFICATION OF SELF-DEFENSE HANDGUN COMPLEXES "OSA", "STRAZHNIK" BY TRACES ON CARTRIDGE CASES
According to the amendments to the law On the bodies of internal affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 23, 2014, a ban on the possession of non-lethal pistols by citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan was introduced. The citizens were to voluntarily surrender such weapons until January 2016. However, there are still cases of using non-lethal weapons associated with robbery attacks, domestic conflicts, suicides and other reasons. The article considers the possibility of identifying the traumatic weapons of the «Wasp, Strazhnik» complex by traces of fired cartridges obtained not only during experimental shooting, but also during the examination. The conditions of formation and the characteristic features of these traces resulting from contact with the structural elements of the pistols are analyzed. It is possible to identify a specific model of the pistols used not only by general and particular, but also by individual characteristics. Positive results were obtained from the practical experience of identification of the used weapons seized from the scene by the marks on the shells.
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Parfenchyk M. S.
PROSPECTS OF MOLECULAR MARKERS USE IN FORENSIC BOTANY
The article is devoted to literature review of molecular markers developed for plant DNA with the purpose of species identification, geographic origin and plants individualizing. Prospects of molecular markers use in forensic botany are shown for plants of genus Cannabis.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32847403
